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Brahmo Samaj
Brahmo Samaj (Bengali ব্রাহ্ম সমাজ ''Bramho Shômaj'') is the societal component of Brahmoism, a monotheistic reformist and renaissance movement of Hindu religion. It is practised today mainly as the Adi Dharm after its eclipse in Bengal consequent to the exit of the Tattwabodini Sabha from its ranks in 1859. After the publication of Hemendranath Tagore's Brahmo ''Anusthan'' (code of practice) in 1860 which formally divorced Brahmoism from Hinduism, the first Brahmo Samaj was founded in 1861 at Lahore by Pandit Nobin Chandra Roy.
It was one of the most influential religious movements〔J. N. Farquhar, (''Modern Religious Movements of India'' ) (1915), p. 29〕 responsible for the making of modern India.〔"Brahmo Samaj and the making of modern India, David Kopf, publ. 1979 Princeton University Press (USA)."〕 It was started at Calcutta on 20 August 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Debendranath Tagore as reformation of the prevailing Brahmanism of the time (specifically Kulin practices) and began the Bengal Renaissance of the 19th century pioneering all religious, social and educational advance of the Hindu community in the 19th century. Its Trust Deed was made in 1830 formalising its inception and it was duly and publicly inaugurated in January 1830 by the consecration of the first house of prayer, now known as the Adi Brahmo Samaj.〔"Modern Religious movements in India, J.N.Farquhar (1915)" page 29 etc.〕 From the ''Brahmo Samaj'' springs Brahmoism, the most recent of legally recognised religions in India and Bangladesh, reflecting its foundation on reformed spiritual Hinduism with vital elements of Judeo-Islamic faith and practice.
Meaning of name
The Brahmo Samaj literally denotes community ((サンスクリット:'' ''samaj'' '')) of men who worship Brahman the highest reality.〔page 1 Chapter 1 Volume 1 ''History of the Brahmo Samaj'' by Sivanath Sastri, 1911, 1st edn. publisher R.Chatterji, Cornwallis St. Calcutta. ''Brahmo'' (ব্রাহ্ম ''bramho'') literally means "one who worships Brahman", and ''Samaj'' (সমাজ ''shômaj'') mean "community of men".〕 In reality Brahmo Samaj does not discriminate between caste, creed or religion and is an assembly of all sorts and descriptions of people without distinction, meeting publicly for the sober, orderly, religious and devout adoration of "''the (nameless) unsearchable Eternal, Immutable Being who is the Author and Preserver of the Universe''."〔Trust deed of Brahmo Sabha 1830〕
==History and timeline==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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